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81.
Ueno D Inoue S Takahashi S Ikeda K Tanaka H Subramanian AN Fillmann G Lam PK Zheng J Muchtar M Prudente M Chung K Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,127(1):1-12
Butyltin compounds (BTs) including mono- (MBT), di- (DBT), tri-butyltin (TBT) and total tin (sigmaSn), were determined in the liver of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) collected from Asian offshore waters (off-Japan, the Japan Sea, off-Taiwan, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, off-Philippines, off-Indonesia, the Bay of Bengal), off-Seychelles, off-Brazil and open seas (the North Pacific). BTs were detected in all the skipjack tuna collected, suggesting widespread contamination of BTs even in offshore waters and open seas on a global scale. Considering specific accumulation, Sex-, body length- differences and migration of skipjack tuna did not seem to affect BT concentrations, indicating rapid reflection of the pollution levels in seawater where and when they were collected. Skipjack tuna is a suitable bioindicator for monitoring the global distribution of BTs in offshore waters and open seas. High concentrations of BTs were observed in skipjack tuna from offshore waters around Japan, a highly developed and industrialized region (up to 400 ng/g wet weight). Moreover skipjack tuna collected from offshore waters around Asian developing countries also revealed the levels comparable to those in Japan (up to 270 ng/g wet weight) which may be due to the recent improvement in economic status in Asian developing countries. High percentages (almost 90%) of BTs in total tin (sigmaSn: sum of inorganic tin+organic tin) were found in the liver of skipjack tuna from offshore waters around Asian developing countries. This finding suggests that the anthropogenic BTs represent the major source of Sn accumulation in skipjack tuna from these regions. 相似文献
82.
We studied the laxative effect of sweetening agents, hydrogenated glucose syrup (HGS) containing 88–92% maltitol, and sorbitol contained in various foods. The subjects were 89 volunteers (64 males and 25 females). Foods used in the study were tablets, bevarages, chewing gum, jelly, adzuki-bean jelly, chocolate and candies which contained one of the two sweetening agents.The doses of the sweetening agents were 0.4 g/kg for sweets in tablet form and 20 g for the other foods. Approximately 10% of the subjects exhibited diarrhea after taking tablets as a control; approximately 20% did so after taking HGS except for adzuki-bean jelly; and approximately 30% did so after taking sorbitol. There was no significant difference between HGS and the control substance. The incidence of diarrhea tended to be higher with the two sweetening agents only when contained in adzuki-bean jelly. The length of time between the ingestion of test substances and the first onset of diarrheal stool varied widely from less than one hour to 23 hours among individuals. However, adzuki-bean jelly diarrhea was induced within 5 hours in all subjects. Soft stool accounted for 60 – 90% of the macroscopic findings of diarrheal stool. Chief complaints of abdominal symptoms were gurgling, flatus and lower abdominal pain. 相似文献
83.
Shu Saeki Junya Kano Fumio Saito Kaoru Shimme Seiichi Masuda Tsuyoshi Inoue 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(1):20-23
Polyvinyl chloride (–CH2–CHCl–)
n
(PVC) was ground with a powdered inorganic material (CaO, CaCO3, SiO2, Al2O3, or slag) in a planetary ball mill under atmospheric conditions to investigate the effect of additions on its dechlorination.
The grinding causes a dehydrochlorinating reaction, forming a mixture of partially dechlorinated PVC and inorganic chloride,
depending on the grinding time. The dechlorination increases as the grinding progresses, and is improved with increasing amounts
of additives. The most effective additive is a mixture of CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3, which has the same constituent components as blast furnace slag. CaO, a mixture of CaO, SiO2, and blast furnace slag, are also effective, but CaCO3 is the least effective additive tired.
Received: August 3, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000 相似文献
84.
Naoko Inoue Toshiya Tada Katsuya Kawamoto 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2019,69(4):502-512
In the gasification of biomass, it is necessary to limit the amount of by-product tar and increase the yields of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) (syngas). Therefore, we conducted gasification and reforming experiments on woody biomass using an electric tubular furnace, to evaluate the gas reforming and tar decomposition performance of a NiO/SBA-15 catalyst. As a result, we found that this catalyst is effective for H2 production. It is believed that the increase in H2 volume due to the catalyst occurs through a steam reforming reaction involving hydrocarbons, including methane (CH4), and the water-gas shift reaction. With respect to the influence of the gasifying agent on the reforming effect of the catalyst, the amount of generated carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) increases because the shift reaction is promoted by supplying steam. On the other hand, it was inferred that the shift reaction rarely occurred because it approaches equilibrium by supplying O2. Furthermore, it is suggested that light aromatic hydrocarbons are decomposed by the catalyst.
Implications: The mesoporous silica catalyst NiO/SBA-15 was highly effective for H2 production and decomposition of light aromatic compounds in the gasification of woody biomass. In the catalyst reaction, supplying steam promoted H2 production. From thermodynamic analysis and discussion, it was also inferred that supplying O2 might prevent the water gas shift reaction. The results are useful for designing a process needed for rich H2 production and gas refining process for further use of syngas. 相似文献
85.
Inoue Daisuke Sawada Kazuko Tsutsui Hirofumi Fujiwara Taku 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):353-360
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study was conducted to clarify the fates of whole nitrogen cycle-associated microorganisms during laboratory-scale composting of cattle manure... 相似文献
86.
Kunio Hara Junichi Homma Kenji Tamura Mariko Inoue Kanae Karita Yoshinori Kondo 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(9):1045-1053
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and fine particulate matter (less than or equal to 2.5 μm: PM2.5) have generally been decreasing for the last decade in Tokyo, Japan. To elucidate the major cause of this decrease, the authors investigated the different trends of airborne particulates (both SPM and PM2.5 concentrations) by evaluating comparisons based on the location of the monitoring stations (roadside vs. ambient), days of the week (weekdays vs. Sundays), and daily fluctuation patterns (2002 vs. 2010). Hourly mean SPM and PM2.5 concentrations were obtained at four monitoring stations (two roadside stations, two ambient stations) in Tokyo, Japan. Annual mean concentrations of each day of the week and of each hour of the day from 2002 to 2010 were calculated. The results showed that (1) the daily differences in annual mean concentration decreased only at the two roadside monitoring stations; (2) the high hourly mean concentrations observed on weekdays during the daily rush hour at the two roadside monitoring stations observed in 2002 diminished in 2010; (3) the SPM concentration that decreased the most since 2002 was the PM2.5 concentration; and (4) the fluctuation of hourly concentrations during weekdays at the two roadside monitoring stations decreased. A decreasing trend of airborne particulates during the daily rush hour in Tokyo, Japan, was observed at the roadside monitoring stations on weekdays since 2002. The decreasing PM2.5 concentration resulted in this decreasing trend of airborne particulate concentrations during the daily rush hours on weekdays, which indicates fewer emissions were produced by diesel vehicles.
ImplicationsThe authors compared the trends of SPM and PM2.5 in Tokyo by location (roadside vs. ambient), days of the week (weekdays vs. Sundays), and daily fluctuation patterns (2002 vs. 2010). The high hourly mean concentrations observed at the roadside location during rush hour on weekdays in 2002 diminished in 2010. The SPM concentration that decreased during rush hour the most was the PM2.5 concentration. This significant decrease in the PM2.5 concentration resulted in the general decreasing trend of SPM concentrations during the rush hours on weekdays, which indicates fewer emissions were produced from diesel vehicles. 相似文献
87.
Jinsart W Kaewmanee C Inoue M Hara K Hasegawa S Karita K Tamura K Yano E 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(1):64-71
The aims of this study were to determine the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters > or = 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and 2.5-10 microm (PM10-2.5) exposure levels of drivers and to analyze the proportion of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand. Four bus routes were selected. Measurements were conducted over 10 days in August (rainy season) 2008 and 8 days in January (dry season) 2009. The mean PM2.5 exposure level of the Tuk-tuk drivers was 86 microg/m3 in August and 198 microg/m3 in January. The mean for the non-air-conditioned bus drivers was 63 microg/m3 in August and 125 microg/m3 in January. The PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 exposure levels of the drivers in January were approximately twice as high as those in August. The proportion of total carbon (TC) in PM2.5 to the PM2.5 level in August (0.97 +/- 0.28 microg/m3) was higher than in January (0.65 +/- 0.13 microg/m3). The proportion of OC in the TC of the PM2.5 in August (0.51 +/- 0.08 microg/m3) was similar to that in January (0.65 +/- 0.07 microg/m3). The TC exposure by PM25 in January (81 +/- 30 microg/m3) remained higher than in August (56-21 microg/m3). The mean level of OC in the PM2.5 was 29 +/- 13 microg/m3 in August and 50 +/- 24 microg/m3 in January. In conclusion, the PM exposure level in Bangkok drivers was higher than that in the general environment, which was already high, and it varied with the seasons and vehicle type. This study also demonstrated that the major component of the PM was carbon, likely derived from vehicles. 相似文献
88.
Bam H. N. Razafindrabe Ryohei Kada Makoto Arima Shoji Inoue 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(2):177-198
This study aims at understanding flood risks and their impact on a community, in order to enhance communities’ resilience and adaptive capacity to these threats. It also investigates the possibility of looking at and handling risk from a resilience point of view. Therefore, while a conventional risk management process is employed in this study, social, physical, economic, and institutional dimensions of resilience are also included in order to grasp the extent of risks and the ways in which communities face, cope with, and recover from flooding. Findings showed that there was no significant difference in the perception of flood risk among household heads educated up to secondary school level, suggesting that they believe floods are purely natural events. Those with a higher level of education (high school and above) (82.7 % of respondents) were aware that flood disasters are the result of hazard and vulnerability combined. In addition, social dynamics were apparently strengthened by such disasters, which resulted in cohesion and mutual help following floods in some wards. Also, households with more sources of income and more savings appear to recover faster than others after a flooding event. With regard to governance and networks, greater efforts have to be made by local institutions to ensure basic functioning during and after disaster events and to invest more into risk reduction activities. However, further studies need to be conducted to clarify the understanding of the impact flood disasters have on the environment and community lives and livelihoods in general, as traditional coping strategies, although still practical, no longer suffice in the face of changes in climate and environment. 相似文献
89.
Paudyal Hari Pangeni Bimala Inoue Katsutoshi Ohto Keisuke Kawakita Hidetaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2510-2526
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - An efficient and environmentally benign biosorbent for Mo(VI) and W(VI) sequestration was developed by loading Zr(IV) ions onto Saponified Orange... 相似文献
90.
T. Yamada T. Inoue H. Fukuhara O. Nakahara T. Izuta R. Suda M. Takahashi H. Sase A. Takahashi H. Kobayashi T. Ohizumi T. Hakamata 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):259-266
Since 1983, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan has conducted nation-wide acid deposition surveys. To investigate the
effects of acid deposition on surface water, we used the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test to find temporal trends in pH, alkalinity,
and electrical conductivity (EC) in more than 10 years of data collected from five lakes and their catchments (Lake Kuttara:
northernmost; Lake Kamakita: near Tokyo; Lake Ijira: central; Lake Banryu: western; and Lake Unagiike: southernmost). The
pH of Lake Ijira water has declined slightly since the mid-1990s, corresponding with the downward trends seen in the pH and
alkalinity of the river water flowing into the lake. There were significant upward trends in the EC of both the lake and stream
water; the same trends were also found for concentrations. These trends show evidence of acidification due to atmospheric deposition, and this is the first such finding
in Japan based on significant long-term trends. Lake Ijira is located about 40 km north of the Chukyo industrial area near
Nagoya. The annual depositions of H+, nss-, and in Lake Ijira were among the highest of all deposition monitoring sites, suggesting that this is the main cause of the significant
acidification observed in Lake Ijira. No significant trends suggesting acidification were observed in any of the other lake
catchments in spite of the significant upward trends in EC. Upward trends in pH and alkalinity at Lake Banryu and upward trends
in alkalinity at Lake Kamakita were detected, but no change in pH or alkalinity at Lake Kuttara and Lake Unagiike was observed. 相似文献